Mangroves

The world lost about 4.5% of its mangrove cover between 1996 and 2020, but the share under formal protection almost doubled - from 19% to 38%. (6 min read)

Indonesian protected areas sit in remote places that would have escaped clearing anyway. Controlling for that with matched sampling, they prevented the loss of 3.5% of protected mangroves — and the strictest reserves prevented nothing. (40 min read)